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    Paper2Agent’s approach to turning research papers into interactive AI agents

    Nature describes Paper2Agent as turning manuscripts, code and data into AI systems that can invoke tools.

    James ZouJZ
    Eric TopolET
    natureNA
    15 Sources, ,

    TLDR

    Nature describes Paper2Agent as converting research papers into interactive AI agents, using manuscripts, code and data to build tool-invoking systems based on Model Context Protocol. A post sharing the article highlights the idea of research papers that can talk to readers and interact with other papers.

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    15 Sources, first seen 21d ago

    Combined views

    330.5K

    15 Sources, first seen 21d ago

    3.6K likes
    21d ago
    first seen 21d ago
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    Sentiment

    Positive84.7%15.3%Negative

    Based on 62 sentiment-bearing replies from 59 accounts across 4 conversations.

    Sentiment

    Positive84.7%15.3%Negative

    Based on 62 sentiment-bearing replies from 59 accounts across 4 conversations.

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    15 Sources

    Eric Topol@EricTopolWhen your research paper can talk to you and interact with other research papers.... Reimagining science publishing and knowledge dissemination with Paper2Agent https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-11044-y @nature @james_y_zou @Jiacheng_Miao21d
    nature@NatureThe AI agent can respond immediately to questions about the paper, providing a convenient way for scientists to grasp advances in unfamiliar fields https://go.nature.com/3Vy3Jdr21d
    James Zou@james_y_zouThrilled that #paper2agent is published in @nature today! Scientific knowledge is traditionally stored in passive papers. Paper2Agent transforms papers into virtual authors that answer questions, apply its methods and collaborate w/ other paper agents to make new discoveries 🧵21d
    Laude Institute@LaudeInstituteCongrats to @james_y_zou, @Jiacheng_Miao, @jkpritch, Joe Davis, + Yaohui Zhang! Paper2Agent introduces a framework for agents that reliably apply research knowledge and methods to new topics. Compared to handing an LLM an original paper and code, agents are both faster and more accurate. Big news for open research and reproducibility.21d
    Jiacheng Miao@Jiacheng_Miao🔥 Excited to share that #paper2agent is published in @Nature today! Papers have long been the primary format for communicating scientific knowledge, but they remain static. Putting that knowledge to work requires connecting findings to data, navigating supplementary materials, and adapting methods to new questions - effort repeated by each new reader. We introduce Paper2Agent, a multi-agent framework that automatically turns research papers into virtual authors. Paper2Agent turns a paper’s manuscript, code, data, and supplements into an MCP server that any AI agent can access, with automated testing and iterative refinement in an agentic loop. The paper then becomes a virtual author you can talk to: trace claims to evidence, analyze your own data, and collaborate with other papers’ virtual authors Agentifying a paper turns it from something people read into something people and AI agents can discover and build on - providing the context needed to interpret its findings and reuse its methods reliably. We tested how reliably these agents put papers to use. Across multiple benchmarks, agents created by Paper2Agent outperformed baselines such as Claude Code working directly with papers' PDFs and code repositories. Once papers become virtual authors, they can collaborate - much like human researchers do. In one case study, agents built from AlphaGenome and two large-scale genetic perturbation studies worked together to propose a new computational approach for integrating evidence across different perturbation datasets. By connecting predictions from one paper with experimental data from others, they helped pinpoint a likely causal gene for psoriasis. We hope Paper2Agent makes scientific knowledge easier to access, reuse, and build on - a first step toward a future where millions of paper agents proactively collaborate with human researchers and one another to advance discovery. 🤖Talk to the virtual author for Paper2Agent itself: https://paper2agent.ai 📎Paper: https://nature.com/articles/s41586-026-11044-y 💻Code: https://github.com/jmiao24/Paper2Agent VERY grateful to work with this incredible team: @james_y_zou, @jkpritch, Yaohui, and Joe!21d

    15 Sources

    Eric Topol@EricTopolWhen your research paper can talk to you and interact with other research papers.... Reimagining science publishing and knowledge dissemination with Paper2Agent https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-11044-y @nature @james_y_zou @Jiacheng_Miao21d
    nature@NatureThe AI agent can respond immediately to questions about the paper, providing a convenient way for scientists to grasp advances in unfamiliar fields https://go.nature.com/3Vy3Jdr21d
    James Zou@james_y_zouThrilled that #paper2agent is published in @nature today! Scientific knowledge is traditionally stored in passive papers. Paper2Agent transforms papers into virtual authors that answer questions, apply its methods and collaborate w/ other paper agents to make new discoveries 🧵21d
    Laude Institute@LaudeInstituteCongrats to @james_y_zou, @Jiacheng_Miao, @jkpritch, Joe Davis, + Yaohui Zhang! Paper2Agent introduces a framework for agents that reliably apply research knowledge and methods to new topics. Compared to handing an LLM an original paper and code, agents are both faster and more accurate. Big news for open research and reproducibility.21d
    Jiacheng Miao@Jiacheng_Miao🔥 Excited to share that #paper2agent is published in @Nature today! Papers have long been the primary format for communicating scientific knowledge, but they remain static. Putting that knowledge to work requires connecting findings to data, navigating supplementary materials, and adapting methods to new questions - effort repeated by each new reader. We introduce Paper2Agent, a multi-agent framework that automatically turns research papers into virtual authors. Paper2Agent turns a paper’s manuscript, code, data, and supplements into an MCP server that any AI agent can access, with automated testing and iterative refinement in an agentic loop. The paper then becomes a virtual author you can talk to: trace claims to evidence, analyze your own data, and collaborate with other papers’ virtual authors Agentifying a paper turns it from something people read into something people and AI agents can discover and build on - providing the context needed to interpret its findings and reuse its methods reliably. We tested how reliably these agents put papers to use. Across multiple benchmarks, agents created by Paper2Agent outperformed baselines such as Claude Code working directly with papers' PDFs and code repositories. Once papers become virtual authors, they can collaborate - much like human researchers do. In one case study, agents built from AlphaGenome and two large-scale genetic perturbation studies worked together to propose a new computational approach for integrating evidence across different perturbation datasets. By connecting predictions from one paper with experimental data from others, they helped pinpoint a likely causal gene for psoriasis. We hope Paper2Agent makes scientific knowledge easier to access, reuse, and build on - a first step toward a future where millions of paper agents proactively collaborate with human researchers and one another to advance discovery. 🤖Talk to the virtual author for Paper2Agent itself: https://paper2agent.ai 📎Paper: https://nature.com/articles/s41586-026-11044-y 💻Code: https://github.com/jmiao24/Paper2Agent VERY grateful to work with this incredible team: @james_y_zou, @jkpritch, Yaohui, and Joe!21d