3h ago

LLMs Surpass Humans At Next-Word Prediction But Fail To Unify Physics

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Original post

Do LLMs *actually* manage to follow that training signal to somewhere beyond the human range? In some ways yes (they're *much* better than humans at guessing someone's next word), in some ways no (they haven't unified physics yet).

12:35 PM · May 21, 2026 View on X

But are they good *enough*? Are they learning the generalizable skills (and how to chain them) well enough that they'll soon be able to outstrip us all? I don't know!

Nate Soares ⏹️Nate Soares ⏹️@So8res

LLMs don't seem especially good at learning the deep, generalizable skills. It takes them 500 million watts and most of the human text ever written and a ton of extra training on hard problems to get to the point where human mathematicians go "huh, idk anymore!"

7:35 PM · May 21, 2026 · 126 Views
7:35 PM · May 21, 2026 · 120 Views

LLMs don't seem especially good at learning the deep, generalizable skills. It takes them 500 million watts and most of the human text ever written and a ton of extra training on hard problems to get to the point where human mathematicians go "huh, idk anymore!"

Nate Soares ⏹️Nate Soares ⏹️@So8res

And you can perhaps see how taking an AI and having it produce lots of text about how to solve hard problems and then tuning it in whatever directions happen to work, could tune the AI to get better at learning deep skills & how to compose them.

7:35 PM · May 21, 2026 · 122 Views
7:35 PM · May 21, 2026 · 126 Views

One thing I know is that people who have confidently predicted that LLMs would "hit a wall" have been wrong again and again and again over the last few years (e.g., here's LeCun being wrong by about 4,996 GPT generations: https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=3474&v=SGzMElJ11Cc&feature=youtu.be)

Nate Soares ⏹️Nate Soares ⏹️@So8res

But are they good *enough*? Are they learning the generalizable skills (and how to chain them) well enough that they'll soon be able to outstrip us all? I don't know!

7:35 PM · May 21, 2026 · 120 Views
7:36 PM · May 21, 2026 · 184 Views

Even if LLMs can't go all the way: architectures change. If LLMs can't do the job & if the race continues, people will find a new architecture that *can* learn the deeper patterns. We know it's possible, because brains are an existence proof.

Nate Soares ⏹️Nate Soares ⏹️@So8res

You can't look only at what's been achieved so far. You could've stared at mammal brains for eons and concluded they can't support "true engineering." ("Closest they'll ever get is beaver dams.") Then you'd be blindsided by a line of primates that learned just a little deeper.

7:36 PM · May 21, 2026 · 117 Views
7:36 PM · May 21, 2026 · 110 Views

"They're just trained on human data" is not the reason LLMs are still nondangerous. "They're just predictors" is both (a) false and (b) not the reason LLMs are still nondangerous.

Nate Soares ⏹️Nate Soares ⏹️@So8res

Even if LLMs can't go all the way: architectures change. If LLMs can't do the job & if the race continues, people will find a new architecture that *can* learn the deeper patterns. We know it's possible, because brains are an existence proof.

7:36 PM · May 21, 2026 · 110 Views
7:36 PM · May 21, 2026 · 113 Views

That LLMs are still passively safe is a *fragile* fact about their architecture and compute limitations, not a fundamental fact about what happens when you train on human data.

Nate Soares ⏹️Nate Soares ⏹️@So8res

"They're just trained on human data" is not the reason LLMs are still nondangerous. "They're just predictors" is both (a) false and (b) not the reason LLMs are still nondangerous.

7:36 PM · May 21, 2026 · 113 Views
7:36 PM · May 21, 2026 · 452 Views