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73 Comments
- credence, on 07/27/2008, -1/+41You literally just mean what they are?
/etc/ is used for storing config files for your services and on some oddball systems (HP-UX to name one) a few system binaries like mount.
/sys/ kinda similar to /proc/. It's not a filesystem in the same sense as your C:, as the files stored on it correspond to device information and process information detected by the system.
/sbin/ = System binaries. Basically, the heavy lifting tools that do a lot of the system's dirty work.
/opt/ = optional software packages
A better full explanation is over @ http://slashmedia.wordpress.com/2007/12/23/linux-d ...
(not my blogspam, just the most concise summary I've seen) - brianpeiris, on 07/27/2008, -4/+28Damn, I was hoping someone would explain what the heck /etc, /sys, /sbin and /opt are.
When ever I install something on ubuntu it seems like it just disappears into the filesystem and I don't like not knowing where my files are. - inactive, on 07/27/2008, -3/+18***** you! Two of my friends died to make that file system?
- douggmc, on 07/27/2008, -2/+13or clueless Windows users?
- mikelieman, on 07/27/2008, -3/+13When you're XP install gets screwed up, remember, we're using Linux to recover your files before the wipe and XP reload.
- arjie, on 07/27/2008, -5/+14Buried ;)
- theaceoffire, on 07/27/2008, -1/+9And Ubuntu/XP runs superbly on my HP which has 1.5 GB of ram, Pentium 4 3.02 Ghz processor and 32 MB nvidia card.
What is your point exactly?
On a side note, unless you are using the 64 bit version of vista, your computer can't use that 4 GB of ram. - WarBiscuit, on 07/27/2008, -1/+7Regarding debian (and ubuntu) package, they're all handled by the "dpkg" command...
here's two very useful command line options you can use...
[there's probably a synaptic/adept gui equivalent, but I've never looked :) ]
Finding what package a particular file belongs to...
dpkg -S /usr/bin/amarok
prints out
amarok: /usr/bin/amarok
So you know what package installed a particular file.
dpkg -S `which amarok`
will first find the location of the command you typed,
and then locate the package.
The reverse command is then:
dpkg -L amarok
Will print a (very) long list of all the files installed by that package.
I usually pipe it through less...
dpkg -L amarok | less
Replace 'amarok' with the package of your choice :)
I've found -S / -L invaluable for seeing where a package put things...
the only catch is you have to have already installed the package,
and have to refer to it by the "package name", not the file name it was given...
eg, "amarok_1.5_amd64.deb", only the bit before the first "_" is important.
Re: the overall fs, here's a nice overview of the std linux layout..
http://www.ahinc.com/linux101/structure.htm
and here's a much more detailed reference...
http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html - arjie, on 07/27/2008, -3/+8What the hell is wrong with you people burying Bigger? *****.
- inactive, on 07/27/2008, -4/+9IBM is doing a nice work with those articles for developers. They are very interesting, and should be read by anyone willing to learn about the "under the hood part" of Gnu/Linux.
- javaroast, on 07/27/2008, -3/+8man hier
- inactive, on 07/27/2008, -7/+11depending on your degree of experience, this article may be completely worthless. is it horrible writing to introduce the concept of layering in the first paragraph, and then never really explain it?
It's one thing to use the concept in a context and expect the reader to grasp it through context, but in this case a direct explanation would have been useful from the beginning. A lot of assumptions are being made..
that said, i still dugg it. - init100, on 07/27/2008, -1/+4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_ ...
- Phocion55, on 07/27/2008, -0/+3Good question. You can actually click "Who Dugg It?" tab to find out who the hell cared.
- subterfuge, on 07/27/2008, -6/+9and /b/ is where memes are created and stored
- init100, on 07/27/2008, -0/+3Well, complain to Sun Microsystems. They chose the license for ZFS.
- inactive, on 02/25/2009, -0/+3buried and reported
- rowjimmy, on 07/27/2008, -0/+3zfs for opensolaris implements that quite well with minimal (at least in my experience with it) tax - http://opensolaris.org/os/community/zfs/
- jaikob, on 07/27/2008, -0/+2Want to Join the Box Too?
- rowjimmy, on 07/27/2008, -0/+2http://www.wizy.org/wiki/ZFS_on_FUSE
- theaceoffire, on 07/27/2008, -1/+3They can't fix it without upgrading you to 64 bit or higher.
No 32 big OS can use the full 4 gb of ram, due to the bios reserving a chunk for video cards etc. - rowjimmy, on 07/27/2008, -0/+2personally, i think the file-system itself is the wrong place to have the kind of utilities winfs claims to be developing. the file-system should be just that - maybe adding on things like ZFS offers is worth it, but not much more than that. then, you want a relational database - put one on top. you want indexed searching - put it on top. etc. otherwise your file-system gets bloated to all hell with a bunch of features that you only need for certain settings/files/environments. then again, if microsoft has shown us anything, it's that they love to bloat the hell out of everything, and tell people "buy more ram, we're not making this more efficient."
- init100, on 07/27/2008, -0/+2"I'm talking about the one like WinFS that doesn't require search indexing demon to regularly index the files."
What's wrong with an indexing daemon? They don't have to "regularly index the files". In Linux, applications can subscribe to events from the inotify subsystem, and thus get notified when files change. They don't have to periodically scan through the entire file system, they can simply reindex files when they change. - str8lazy, on 07/27/2008, -0/+1I have to agree with you. It is kind of cool that they went through and explain some of the things under the hood. They really do make ALOT of assumptions, regardless of that, it is a pretty good read.
- Ebulating, on 07/27/2008, -0/+1FUSE takes too big of a performance hit.
- takameyer, on 07/30/2008, -0/+1I actually referenced this article for a research paper last semester. If you already have a basic understanding of operating systems, it can be a valuable resource. You can also read more in depth on each layer of the architecture if you want to learn more technical information. Great job IBM.
- rowjimmy, on 07/31/2008, -0/+1have you tried it? i haven't, but have read that it isn't that bad... not that i'm about to take the time to try it out. ZFS is nifty and all, and i installed openSolaris on a box i had sitting around when they released it, but haven't really used it since that first week of fiddling around to see what it was all about
- rento, on 07/27/2008, -3/+4Goodish article, there are a whole bunch on the IBM site worth a read. I can see that many people are surprised or even angry that this got to the front page. They should note that this was posted in the right category ( All » Technology » Linux/Unix ) and should avoid this if not interested.
/rationality ends here
I may also add ZFS is the f****** best!!!!! yeah yeah!! That's right!!! - explodingzebras, on 07/27/2008, -0/+1likewise ubuntu 8.0.4 runs perfectly fine on my socket 754 AMD 2800+ / 1.5gb ram home-built machine
- theaceoffire, on 07/27/2008, -0/+1*Buried, reported, blocked.
>.< Block last, or your not allowed to report them for some reason. - MavRevMatt, on 07/27/2008, -3/+4With Wine, almost.
http://appdb.winehq.org/objectManager.php?sClass=a ... - Tribis, on 07/27/2008, -0/+1Awesome! I'm not the only person who admires struggling businesses and hates profitable ones.
- NinjaPlimsoles, on 07/28/2008, -0/+1Good article, if somewhat geek-chic.
- Ebulating, on 07/27/2008, -1/+1But its not the Sun License that is preventing ZFS from being used with Linux, it is the GNU license. There is no technical reason why Linux can't use ZFS, just political, and that is intensely frustrating. With the next version of OS X using ZFS, Apple is gonna have a big advantage.
- thcobbs, on 07/27/2008, -7/+6I should kill you for that.
- Technopundit, on 07/28/2008, -2/+1First Linux article I've read that doesn't spit random insults at Microsoft users.
Unusual. - naterpoke, on 07/27/2008, -2/+1demons eh? l2church
- inactive, on 07/27/2008, -3/+1LOL, ok will have to bait you a little more.
Before SP1 Vista didn't support PAE hardware. With SP1 Microsoft is allowing Vista to support PAE hardware. In theory, Vista 32 can now support 64gig. However Microsoft wants people to move to 64bit, so they don't need to support the whole segment offset thing. So if you want to use more than 4gig for some reason, just get Vista 64. (Vista 32 only supports more than 4gig with registry and dll hacks)
Therefore... If your motherboard supports the PAE bit then you can now use the whole 4gig. If your motherboard doesnt support the PAE bit, then your motherboard is probably limted to 3gig anyhow...
But... I am really splitting hair on this... The performance of Vista 64 is so much higher than Vista 32 that you should just get a Vista 64 computer and be done with it;) - inactive, on 07/27/2008, -4/+1Hell yeah a lot of file systems that will do the same thing. Is there any file system that build real-time indexes of files and folders so that I can find any of them under 10 seconds? I'm talking about the one like WinFS that doesn't require search indexing demon to regularly index the files. Linux really needs to go ahead of the game while WinFS is not fully implemented. MySQL or PostgreSQL database structure is very efficient, and so I wonder if somebody would care to learn something from it and create a brand new file system that works.
- neonpulse, on 07/27/2008, -4/+1Fsck this.
- inactive, on 07/27/2008, -4/+1theaceoffire,
You are wrong;) - theaceoffire, on 07/27/2008, -5/+1I too am fine and living my life happily using windows 3.1 on my PC. Not only that, but I have a "green" computer!
^_^ Runs on hamster power. - taseedorf, on 07/27/2008, -6/+2This article is meant for 5% of the population.
- Ebulating, on 07/27/2008, -8/+3Except I can't use the one file system I really want with Linux, ZFS, due to idiotic license fanaticism. Ubuntu + ZFS = greatest operating system ever.
- ninjajoe5, on 07/27/2008, -6/+1/etc - stores config files (usually .conf)
/sbin - where system binary files are kept (ifconfig, groupadd etc...)
/opt - often where application data is installed, for example oracle installs to /opt/oracle
/sys - system stuff... device drivers, kernel hoo hah, you shouldn't need to mess with it - dominickboucher, on 07/27/2008, -8/+3In soviet russia, files journal you.
- inactive, on 07/27/2008, -6/+1They fixed that in SP1. Vista will use the full 4 gig now...
- inactive, on 07/27/2008, -6/+1I love lamp!
- inactive, on 07/27/2008, -10/+4..kill your wife?
-
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