What is Digg?38 Comments
- dojonz, on 10/12/2007, -0/+15Couldn't you say 'decrease fertility'.. ?
- PimpinOnWelfare, on 10/12/2007, -4/+17Can anyone say children of men foreshadowing?
- unicornhunter, on 10/12/2007, -0/+7"You show me a study that says one thing and I'll show you a study that says another"... Dick Dodge in 'Distinguished Gentleman'
I don't know what to believe anymore. - amandaw33, on 10/12/2007, -0/+4I finally found the actual study, but it looks like you have to pay to view it http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/85/1/231
Here's the abstract though http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/1/231 - mediaphile, on 10/12/2007, -0/+4@macweirdo42: "Jesus sex certainly is more complicated than I would've orginally guessed."
Yeah, sex with Jesus really just makes things confusing and awkward. Like, how long are you supposed to wait before you call? A day? Two days? And then what happens if things go bad? It just ruins the friendship, and any chance you had of salvation. I dunno, man. I don't recommend it. Trust me. - Wonderkind, on 10/12/2007, -1/+4A fat chick with an apple pie in her mouth is less likely to bear children.
Did someone make money doing this study? - Niteryder, on 10/12/2007, -0/+3Eat !@#$ and die is as the saying goes
- Elranzer, on 10/12/2007, -1/+4That's all we need... more fat babies.
- zlintux, on 10/12/2007, -1/+3Well, cheap birth control... although obesity is also a risk to infertility through abstinence
- MalDON, on 10/12/2007, -0/+2That's really creepy, I just saw Children of Men last night. Best movie in a long time.
- lava, on 10/12/2007, -2/+4It's late. I thought it said 'Transformers may increase infertility." Then I thought about a nano-scale Megatron wreaking havoc... yup, time for me to go to sleep.
I'm in your ballz, killing your spermz. - inactive, on 10/12/2007, -2/+4or you could just pull out like Kevin said
- inactive, on 10/12/2007, -1/+3Hot damn sigh me up.... Seriously, fertility not something I'm terribly concerned with at the moment. What with the male pill being at the very least years away, I think I'll just stick to eating all the trans-fats I can get my greasy fingers on.
- DrewT, on 10/12/2007, -0/+2This can only mean one thing. God hates fatties.
- inactive, on 10/12/2007, -3/+4thank god i'm not a woman
- ahuxley, on 10/12/2007, -0/+1About trans fats and the food industry - old but easy to read
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/july-dec03/fat_7-09.html - sfacets, on 10/12/2007, -1/+2What... less Americans?
- naisanza, on 10/12/2007, -0/+1Trans fat has been banned throughout asia. It should be implemented in america as well rather than coming out with results of what happens after prolonged consumption of it.
Plus it slows down cognitive thinking. and slow in this society means dumb. and thats not all that happens when you have trans fat in your system.
and to think that people would want this. damn ignorance - orbit1979, on 10/12/2007, -0/+1"Eating these UNHEALTHY fats has been strongly linked to an increased risk for heart disease. Now, new research suggests they also increase a woman's risk of infertility."
I was convinced with the single word: unhealthy. - dkguy55, on 10/12/2007, -0/+1Finally it's explained why women are infertile in Children of Men!
- leopardhunter, on 02/18/2009, -1/+2Trans fats are the worst kinds of fat.
As you are going around in the supermarket, picking up items, look at the ingredient list. If there is any partially hydrogenated vegetable oil listed, the product contains trans fat.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat - antonio97b, on 10/12/2007, -0/+1Increase infertility? Great news for me.
- inactive, on 10/12/2007, -4/+4It actually makes perfect sense. Eat transfats and you become fat. When you become fat... you won't be able to find a guy/girl. If you don't find a guy/girl you won't be able to have sex. If you don't have sex, you won't have children. Not having children = infertility.
This is a no-brainer guys. - inactive, on 10/12/2007, -1/+1Ah damn, now I gotta take up smoking, too? Jesus sex certainly is more complicated than I would've orginally guessed.
- Nicholicious, on 10/12/2007, -1/+1Children of Men: A Picture of the Transfatty World of Tomorrow
- billsil, on 10/12/2007, -1/+1apparently cigarettes make you infertile and you last longer in bed (cause its harder to get exited), both are pluses
- mediaphile, on 10/12/2007, -2/+2so would this be a double positive that results in a negative?
- Jugalator, on 10/12/2007, -1/+1No need to censor yourself in front of the unwashed masses here ;)
- doctorsedge, on 02/29/2008, -0/+0I found a great clinic in Columbia, SC. http://www.ivfwecare.com. They are probably the best in South Carolina
- capiCrimm, on 10/12/2007, -1/+1Cheap, reusable contraception is a rubber band around the balls. Cheap, reusable abortion is a knife. Realizing your going to jail with a high voice, priceless.
- punjab, on 10/12/2007, -0/+0There is so much evidence that trans fats are unhealthy at any level. We must all make an effort to try to eliminate them from our diet. The restaurant industry is under fire because patrons have no idea what they are consuming. I say it is cheaper than a heart attack to change to a trans fat free oil.
- whovian, on 10/12/2007, -2/+2I won't circulate a watermarked PDFs, but this should be the main content y'all are looking for.
INTRODUCTION
Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 mo of
unprotected intercourse (1), is a common problem affecting 10–
15% of couples (2). More than 7 million women in the United
States have an impaired ability to bear children (3), and, by 2025,
as many as 7.7 million women are expected to face this problem
(4). Assisted reproduction technologies have been developed to
overcome infertility, but their costs (5–7) make them a less-thanideal
option for tackling infertility at a population level (8). Thus,
identifying modifiable risk factors to prevent infertility is important.
The role of diet and other modifiable lifestyle practices in
infertility is largely unexplored. However, considerable evidence
suggests that dietary factors affecting insulin sensitivity
may have an important role in the etiology of some forms of
infertility. Factors known to increase insulin resistance, such as
increased body weight and decreased physical activity, have
been associated with an increased risk of infertility due to ovulatory
dysfunction (9, 10). In addition, biochemical markers of
sustained hyperglycemia, such as high concentrations of glycated
hemoglobin, have been prospectively linked to decreased
fertility (11). Moreover, in clinical trials of insulin sensitizers,
including those that activate the peroxisome proliferator–
activated receptor (PPAR-), these medications have improved
reproductive metabolic profiles and ovulatory function
in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; 12–17).
Specific dietary unsaturated fatty acids can bind PPAR- (18),
but their effects appear to differ for cis and trans isomers (19).
Higher intake of cis unsaturated fatty acids (commonly found in
nonhydrogenated vegetable oils and salad dressings) has been
associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers
(20, 21) and risk of type 2 diabetes (22), as well as with improved
metabolic and endocrine characteristics in women with PCOS
(23). Conversely, the consumption of trans fats (commonly
found in commercially fried and baked products) instead of other
macronutrients has been associated with greater inflammation
(21, 24), insulin resistance (25), and risk of type 2 diabetes (22).
Thus, we decided to test the hypotheses that trans unsaturated
fatty acids (TFAs) increase the risk of ovulatory infertility
whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce this risk.
DISCUSSION
We examined the association between the intakes of different
types of fat and ovulatory infertility and found that consuming
TFAs instead of carbohydrates, MUFAs, or n6 PUFAs was
associated with a greater risk of this disease. The results did not
differ according to a woman’s age, parity, past use of oral contraception,
smoking, BMI, or menstrual cycle length or the presence
of clinical manifestations of excess androgens.
Although the association between fat intake and the risk of
infertility has not, to our knowledge, previously been examined
in humans, studies of women with PCOS suggested that this
association would resemble that between fat intake and insulin
resistance. A randomized trial in which 782 women with PCOS
were assigned to a daily intake of 150, 300, or 600 mg/d of
troglitazone or placebo for a total of 44 wk documented dosedependent
improvements in signs of ovulatory dysfunction, such
as ovulation rate and pregnancy rates, as well as in clinical and
biochemical signs of hyperandrogenemia (13). Similar results
have been observed in trials involving other pharmacologic activators
of PPAR- (14 –16). These results support our finding
regarding the associations between the intake of trans fats and
ovulatory infertility because, at levels of usual human consumption,
TFAs have been found to down-regulate PPAR- expression
in vivo by 40% (33). The intake of TFAs has also been
associated with greater insulin resistance (25), risk of type 2
diabetes (22), and concentrations of inflammatory markers (21,
24), which may adversely affect ovulatory function (34). These
mechanisms could explain the observed association between the
intake of TFAs and the risk of ovulatory infertility, although
alternative mechanisms cannot be ruled out.
Intake of PUFAs was not protective of ovulatory infertility in
the entire group of women. However, a strong inverse association
was noted in women with high iron intake, and mechanisms that
could explain this interaction have been described. The activity
of -6 desaturase (an enzyme that participates in the conversion
of linoleic acid into arachidonic acid and of -linolenic acid into
eicosapentaenoic acid and docohexaenoic acid) is significantly
impaired in persons with low serum iron concentrations (35), and
iron is an important functional component of this enzyme (36).
Because arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid bind
PPAR- more efficiently than do PUFAs with shorter chain
lengths (37), the observed interaction would be expected if
women with low iron intakes had impairments in this metabolic
pathway, whereas women with a high iron intake could endogenously
produce long-chainPUFAsmore efficiently through this
pathway. In addition, iron is a known oxidant, and oxidated
metabolites of PUFAs are more potent ligands of PPAR- than
are PUFAs themselves (38). It is tempting to conclude that the
mechanism described above explains the observed effect modification,
especially after adjustment for the high prevalence of
depleted iron stores observed among young women in national
surveys (21%) (39). Nevertheless, this interaction should be interpreted
with caution, given that the intake of heme iron has been
associated with a greater risk of outcomes related with insulin
resistance (40) and that multiple tests for effect modification
were conducted, which makes it possible that this finding was
due to chance.
We observed inverse associations between the estimated isocaloric
substitutions of total fat and saturated fat for the average
mixture of other energy sources and risk of ovulatory infertility
in age- and energy-adjusted models but not in multivariateadjusted
models. Disturbances of menstrual cycles that could be
causal intermediates for ovulatory infertility, such as secondary
amenorrhea, increased menstrual cycle length, and increased
follicular phase length, were previously associated in smaller
studies (41– 45) with low intakes of total fat or saturated fat.
However, some of these studies did not consider differences in
total energy intake or other subject characteristics as alternative
explanations for their findings (43, 44), and feeding studies made
simultaneous changes in intakes of protein (42) and the ratios of
saturated to monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fats (41, 45),
which limited the ability of the investigators to draw conclusions
regarding intakes of specific types of fat.
Strengths of the current study include its prospective nature:
diet was collected 2–4 y before events were reported, which
made it unlikely that results were affected by a subject’s fertility
status at the time of dietary report. The use of previously validated
questionnaires of dietary intake and outcome assessment is
also a strength of the current study. The most important limitation
is that the subjects are not a cohort of women known to be
planning to become pregnant. Cases, who were clearly attempting
to conceive, may have been more health-conscious than the
pregnancy noncases, who may have conceived accidentally.
However, TFA intake is inversely associated with markers of
health consciousness, and thus increased health consciousness of
cases is more likely to have caused an inverse association, rather
than the positive association between TFAs and ovulatory infertility
we observed. Moreover, we simulated a cohort of pregnancy
planners in our study by including only married women
and by including in the noncase group women who were diagnosed
with infertility from other causes. These steps made it less
likely that pregnancy intention would affect our results. Another
limitation was that selection bias might have been introduced by
including only clinically recognizable outcomes of a pregnancy
attempt in the study. However, pregnancy attempts with clinically
nonrecognizable outcomes, such as early pregnancy losses,
are likely to have been identified as infertility of unknown etiology
or to be due to other causes, thus minimizing any potential
selection bias. In addition, any bias present is unlikely to be any
more influential than that introduced by design into traditional
case-control studies of infertility or retrospective time-topregnancy
studies, both of which have been useful in identifying
risk factors for infertility. Because the current study was observational,
we cannot completely rule out the possibility that our
findings may be due in part to unmeasured confounders of the
associations. Nevertheless, our results were statistically adjusted
for numerous recognized risk factors for infertility and several
other factors associated with ovulatory infertility in this population.
Finally, because the study included only 438 ovulatory
infertility cases, our statistical power to detect a significant association
in categorical analyses based on quintiles of intake was
limited (40% in the trans fatty acids analysis). However, we
complemented those analyses with more powerful analyses using
fat intakes as continuous variables, and those analyses
showed that some of the hypothesized relations were significant.
In conclusion, our data suggest that dietary trans fatty acids
increase the risk of ovulatory infertility when they replace carbohydrates
or the unsaturated fats that are commonly found in
vegetable oils. Given that these associations have not previously
been reported, our findings should be reproduced, preferably in
large prospective studies and randomized trials involving couples
known to be planning a pregnancy. Because replacing trans
fats with nonhydrogenated vegetable oils is likely to reduce the
risk of coronary heart disease (46) and type 2 diabetes (22),
women planning to become pregnant should consider this strategy;
it could reduce their risk of infertility as well. - antonio97b, on 10/12/2007, -1/+1@whovian
Woo hoo. You're a gigantic douche. Put a link up or something. - extremophile, on 10/12/2007, -0/+0Fat made from transsexuals just CAN'T be good for fertility.
- M2Ys4U, on 10/12/2007, -1/+1why don't you just, shock, use a condom?
- techlinks, on 10/12/2007, -2/+1Guess the french fries in the next couple of years are made extra addictive to women. Causing them to become infertile.
- lucid270, on 10/12/2007, -2/+1american optimism. bigger, better, harder, faster...
- antechinus, on 10/12/2007, -5/+2@Sundownvf111
Or use the rear pussy
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